Muhammad bin Firoz finally became sultan of Dehli on 31 August 1390 by defeating Abu Bakar Shah. However all through his reign he was beset with rebellions from his amirs. Gujarat declared independence. Rajput chiefs in Etawa stopped paying taxes. The wazir, Islam Khan forced them to submission. But as soon as Islam Khan returned to Delhi, they rebelled again. The sultan marched in person, defeated them, and levelled the fort of Etawa with the ground. He then proceeded via Kanauj to Jalesar, and built a fort there, which was called after him Muhammadabad. However due to a false report that Islam Khan was planning a rebelion, the sultan came back to Dehli and put Islam Khan to death. The Sultan then went to Mewat to quell the rebellion of Bahadur Nahir who was about to attack Dehli. He was defeated and sultan retired to Muhammadabad. The Sultan was ill at that time and asked his son Humayun to crush Shaikha, the Khokar, who had rebelled and captured Lahore. But bef...
Jalalat al-Din Radiyya (Razia) was the only female ever to rule the Delhi Sultanate. She was the daughter of Iltumish and after the death of his brother Nasiruddin Mahmud, was made the nominated as the heir to the Sultanate. But the ministers made her brother Rukn ud din Firuz Firoz the sultan instead. As Rukn ud din proved to be a weak ruler, he was subsequently replaced by Razia(10 October 1236).
Razia was an efficient ruler and possessed all the qualities of a monarch. She dressed like a man and sat in open durbar. She was an effective ruler and had characteristics of a monarch. According to Persian historian Minhaj-i-Siraj, she was "sagacious, just, beneficent, the patron of the learned, a dispenser of justice, the cherisher of her subjects, and of warlike talent, and endowed with all the admirable attributes and qualifications necessary for a king. She is also famous for her romantic involvement and legends with her lover and later husband, Malik Ikhtiar-ud-din Altunia, the governor of Bathinda".
Razia Sultana set up legitimate and complete peace in her domain, in which every single person follows the rule and regulation set up by her. She attempted to enhance the base of the nation by enhancing exchange, building streets, burrowing wells, etc. Furthermore she built up schools, institutes, places for exploration, and open libraries that facilitated researchers to work on the Quran and the traditions of Muhammad. She contributed even in the field of craftsmanship and culture and upheld scholars, painters and craftsmen.
It was said that Razia was infatuated with an African Siddi slave turned privileged person Jamal-ud-Din Yaqut. No proof is available to testify this charge and therefore, has been rejected by all modern historians. Even Minhaj-us-Siraj has stated that the relations between the two were perfectly pure.
Malik Ikhtiar-ud-Altunia, the administrative head of Bhatinda rebelled against this. Altunia was an youth mate of Razia and was miserably fascinated with Razia. He killed Yaqut and to protect her reputation, Razia sensibly decided to marry Altunia.
However, from the third year of her reign, her problems arose seriously. The Turkish slave-nobles could not tolerate her policy of concentration of power in her own hands. They started conspiring against her with a view to depose her from the throne. Razia defeated the rebel governor of Lahore Kabir Khan. But Malik Altunia, governor of Bhatinda also revolted. Razia immediately marched against him and besieged the fort of Bhatinda. There she was deceived by her Turkish nobles. They murdered Jamal-ud-din Yakut and imprisoned Razia by surprise. Immediately, Bahram, the third son of Iltutmish was raised to the throne at Delhi.
Malik Altunia was dissatisfied with the distribution of high offices of the state. He got nothing from the new Sultan. He married Razia which seemed to be of advantage to both. Altunia raised an army consisting of the Khokhars, the Jats and the Rajputs. They proceeded towards Delhi but were defeated by the organised army of Delhi and fled away. Razia and Altunia were deserted by their soldiers and they were murdered by some Hindu robbers near Kaithal on 13 October 1240 A.D.Altunia raised an army consisting of the Khokhars, the Jats and the Rajputs. They proceeded towards Delhi but were defeated by the organised army of Delhi and fled away. Razia and Altunia were deserted by their soldiers and they were murdered by some Hindu robbers near Kaithal on 13 October 1240 A.D.
This is a billion Jital from Badaun known by the crude legends
Obv: Al Sultan Al- Azzam Radiyyat Al Dunya wa'l din Rev: Crude horseman to right Wt : 3.54 gm Ref: D104
This is a billion Jital from Dehli Obv: Al Sultan Al-mu Azzam Radiyyat Al Din Bint Al Sultan Rev: Horseman to right Wt : 3.5 gm Ref: D105
This is a billion Jital from Dehli
Obv: Al Sultan Al-mu Azzam Radiyyat al dunya wa al din Rev: Horseman to right Wt : 3.05 gm Dia: 15.48 Ref: D106
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